DISCOVER THE PAST
with DR JANET PENNINGTON
Diploma: English Local History
MA: Regional History
PhD: Inn and Tavern History
I give illustrated talks about Sussex history and more general talks covering the south-east of England.
I travel anywhere in West and East Sussex. However, travelling by Zoom, I can reach anywhere in the country.
I am happy to do talks at short notice.
Join us online
All Talks can be facilitated on-line via Zoom
Illustrated Talks in Person or via Zoom
Chanctonbury Ring: The Story of a Sussex Landmark
CHANCTONBURY RING
The Story of a Sussex Landmark
Chanctonbury Ring on the South Downs has been an iconic landmark for Sussex inhabitants and visitors for over two hundred years. However, the ring of trees, most of which were destroyed
by the great storm of 1987 and replanted in 1990, covers another ring, the c.750 BC (Late Bronze Age) earthwork, or hillfort. This earlier Ring, which contains the remains of a Romano-Celtic and Romano-British temple complex, has a very special atmosphere that draws people to it. Set within a much older landscape, it also attracted the sixteen-year-old Charles Goring of Wiston House, who planted 
his beeches and other trees around the perimeter in 1760, ‘on some auspicious day’, as his poem of 1828 reveals. This richly illustrated talk reveals the history of the area, a murder on the hill in 1330, the tree species involved over the centuries and a spate of literary outpourings about Chanctonbury Ring by nineteenth and twentieth century novelists, poets and travel writers.
Sir Thomas Sherley (c.1542-1612) of Wiston House, Sussex
WISTON HOUSE, SUSSEX & SIR THOMAS SHERLEY (c.1542 – 1612)
The extraordinary story of its Elizabethan owner, Sir Thomas Sherley, who was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I in 1573. His raised social status soon had him thinking about a new stone house to replace the medieval timber-framed home of his ancestors.
Sherley was appointed Sheriff of Surrey and Sussex for a year in 1577, when he was about 35 years of age, and he also became a very fair local Justice of the Peace. Ten years later he was appointed Treasurer-at-War in the Netherlands, reckoned to be the most lucrative in the army due to the ‘perks’ available. Fraud and corruption were rife and Sherley was spending at a great rate, particularly on luxurious possessions for his newly-built house.
The story of his fall from grace is a fascinating one that will be illustrated with photographs of Wiston House, portraits and contemporary quotations. As a Member of Parliament for Steyning in 1604, Sir Thomas Sherley played a role in constitutional history.
The Women of Wiston House, Sussex
THE WOMEN OF WISTON HOUSE, SUSSEX
Wiston House, to the west of Steyning, is a handsome manor house, built c.1575 by Sir Thomas Sherley, an Elizabethan courtier and Member of Parliament. This is the story of some of the women who lived at Wiston over the next two centuries. Dame Anne Sherley, his widow, left a fascinating will, full of delights, in 1623.
The house had been sold to Lionel Cranfield, the Lord Treasurer of England, the year before that, when Dame Anne had to leave her home of 63 years. His tenant and friend, newly-widowed Frances, Countess of Exeter, wrote excitable letters to him about the garden and the new water supply.
A later owner, Robert Fagge, married Christian Bishop of Parham in 1696 and they had eight children in twelve years, during which time Robert set up home with another woman.
The story of his ‘other family’ and Christian’s fight to save her marriage are the stuff of romantic fiction. In 1743 widower Sir Charles Goring of Highden, Washington, a neighbouring estate, married the then heiress, Elizabeth Fagge, a 40 year old spinster.
Their son Charles planted the trees on Chanctonbury Ring in 1760 when he was just sixteen. The Goring family still own the Wiston Estate today.
The Wiston Estate: A Thousand Years of History
THE WISTON ESTATE: A Thousand Years of History
One thousand years ago the Wiston Estate comprised about 1,500 acres, a quarter of its land holdings today. The Dom
esday Book entry of 1086 lists 24 tenants at Wistanestun, as well as five ‘slaves’. These were bondsmen – farm workers tied to their manorial lord. In the early 1300s there were 53 tenants, but only eight were left after the Black Death (1348-50), a grim time for the estate and its owners. From the 1440s the Sherley family were in possession and in the 1570s courtier Sir Thomas Sherley built much of the Wiston House that remains today. From 1622 there was a new estate owner, the Lord Treasurer of England, and he was followed by a royalist supporter in the English Civil War. In 1649, just three months after Charles I was beheaded, a young parliamentarian, John Fagge of East Hoathly, purchased the estate.
John’s grandson Robert married Christian Bishop of Parham in 1696 – their stormy marriage is a tale in itself – and he took over the estate in 1715. One of their daughters, the 37-year-old spinster Elizabeth Fagge, inherited Wiston in 1740. She married widower Sir Charles Goring of Highden, Washington three years later and their only son Charles planted the trees on Chanctonbury Ring in 1760. Harry Goring, the present owner of the Wiston Estate, is the Ring-planter’s great-great grandson.
This illustrated talk encompasses some of the ups and downs of the estate ownership over the last millennium.
Wiston House and the English Civil War 1642-1649
From 1634 to 1649 Wiston House and its Estate was owned by Sir John Tufton, the second earl of Thanet (1608-1664).
An active royalist, joining Charles I at Nottingham in August 1642, Thanet soon found himself in financial trouble. Probably the richest man in Kent, with land and properties at Hothfield and Rainham, he became a target for sequestration by the parliamentary side and was hit with enormous fines. He also owned land in north-east Sussex. His father Nicholas, the first earl, had purchased the manor of Bodiam and its castle in 1623; his grandfather had owned the manor of Northiam with interests in the iron industry of the area.
This illustrated talk reveals the problems of royalist landowners in Sussex and Kent, the pillaging of Wiston House by royalist troops, then its occupation by parliamentarian soldiers who plundered the sequestrated estate over a period of eighteen months. Tufton’s wife Margaret, from the rich Sackville family of Knole House, had a sister-in-law at nearby Parham House who probably gave her and her children shelter.
Documentary evidence gives an intimate picture of one family and their troubles during these turbulent times, ending with the sale of Wiston House to parliamentarian John Fagge of East Hoathly just three months after the execution of Charles I.
Walter Gibraltar: from Wiston, Sussex to the Bishop’s Palace, Malta
WALTER GIBRALTAR: from Sussex to the Bishop’s Palace, Malta
Walter Trower (1804-1877) was born in London the year before the Battle of Trafalgar, in the reign of George III. When he was about 15, his father leased Muntham Court, at Findon in Sussex and through this connection he met and fell in love with Elizabeth Goring (1799-1876) of nearby Wiston House. They married in 1829, a month after Walter was ordained into the Church of England by the Bishop of Chichester, and thereupon began a busy life of travel and adventure.
After several curacies in Sussex, Walter was ordained Bishop of Glasgow and Galloway, a huge diocese in western Scotland – but he was going even further than that.
In 1863, now as Bishop of Gibraltar, Walter and Elizabeth, with their daughters Jane, Frances and Mary, spent five years in the Mediterranean, when he became Bishop of Gibraltar.
Walter was based in the Bishop’s Palace on Malta, where the three girls, by now in their twenties, had a most interesting time. The ships of Queen Victoria’s Navy were frequently moored in Valetta Harbour, and various Army Regiments were also quartered on the Island.
There were visits to Gibraltar, travel from Malta to Greece, Turkey, Italy, Spain and France. Numerous letters written to and from Wiston sent news and, of course, gossip. This was the time of the British Empire, so politics and worries about war took up almost as much time as religious affairs.
This talk reveals the delights and hardships, as well as a heart-breaking tragedy, of a 19th century Bishop’s life during a turbulent period of British history.
Do visit the following site for more detail:
liveslovesandletters.co.uk
Steyning Scandals: The Secrets of a Sussex Market Town, 1547-1947
STEYNING SCANDALS:
The Secrets of a Sussex Market Town, 1547-1947
Discover who did what, where and with whom! Steyning’s attractive timber-framed buildings and flint cottages hide many secrets from the past – come and discover some of them if you dare. We will be exploring the streets and twittens of Steyning with many scandalous stories, all illustrated and researched through local documentary sources. If you are easily shocked, this is not the talk for you.
This talk is NOT suitable for children.
It can also be done as a walk.
The Pubs and Breweries of Steyning
THE PUBS & BREWERIES OF STEYNING
This talk explores half a millennium of Steyning’s liquid history. See where malthouses, breweries, inns and public houses were situated in the past and whether any trace of them can be found today.
The White Horse, the Chequer and the Star are still trading – see and hear something of their history, all set within the background of drinking establishments in Sussex.
This talk can also be done as a walk around the town, with plenty of stops
An Illustrated Walk around Old Steyning Town
AN ILLUSTRATED WALK AROUND OLD STEYNING:
A Sussex Market Town and its History
This is a chance to browse the streets, lanes and twittens of a small country town with a history that goes back well over a thousand years. This walk leads you through Steyning’s fascinating history – beginning with the town’s foundation legend of St Cuthman and his 
wheelbarrow, moving on to the beautiful Norman church, the story of the Grammar School and its beginnings as a cloth hall. We take in the burning of a Protestant martyr in the reign of ‘Bloody’ Queen Mary, the smelly former tanyard, the marriage of Charles Parnell to Kitty O’Shea at the town’s registry office in 1891, and hear about the many artists and writers who enjoyed coming to the town once the railway arrived in 1861.
This is a slow ramble round 
the town, with numerous stops for looking and listening. There are many lovely coffee/tea shops in the High Street, and four pubs to choose from for suitable refreshment at the end of your walk – which can be arranged in the morning, afternoon, or evening at any time of the year.
This talk can also be done as a REAL WALK!
A History of the Adur Valley in West Sussex
A HISTORY OF THE ADUR VALLEY IN WEST SUSSEX
To most people driving along the A27 the words ‘Adur valley’ mean a good view of Lancing College chapel, Shoreham Airport, Old Shoreham Toll Bridge and, to the north, perhaps a glimpse of the ruins of Bramber Castle – but there is much more to it than that. The Adur valley, with its tidal river, was once a broad sea estuary where coarse brown salt was made in medieval times. Ships made their way on the tide as far as Steyning, bringing wine and other goods from overseas.
Smuggling was rife, the proximity of Brighton in Regency times encouraging the illegal importation of coffee, opera glasses musical boxes and leather gloves, as well as the more commonly perceived tea, spirits, wines and tobacco. Come and hear about the ‘Stone-Age doughnuts’ of Old Erringham and the lack of wild oats at Applesham Farm. Find out what some of the Coombes’ church wall paintings mean and something about St. Botolph.
Bramber Castle had been a ruin for at least a hundred years by the time the Royalists and Roundheads clashed at Bramber bridge in 1643, but the uncrowned Charles II did pass that way in 1651 on his flight from the Battle of Worcester.
I lived at Botolphs in the Adur valley for some years, worked on several archaeological excavations in the area, was archivist at Lancing College, and prior to 1968 handed over many sixpences in order to pass over Old Shoreham Toll Bridge on the former A27 route. Luckily I was not on the Southdown double-decker bus that plunged into the river on 1st January 1949, but this story does have a happy ending.
Salt of the Earth: the salt industry of the Adur valley
This talk uncovers a lost industry of the Adur valley – the making of salt. Salt is something we probably all take for granted, sprinkling it on our roast potatoes or adding it to our salads. Or even, perhaps, trying to eat less of it nowadays.
In earlier times it was so valuable that it was heavily taxed. The French undercut our local market in 14thC by importing their far superior ‘Fleur de Sel’, a very pure white salt, usually called Bay salt, through the port of New Shoreham. Salt was produced by sun evaporation in the Bay of Bourgneuf in southern Brittany, and elsewhere in the Bay of Biscay, but the Adur valley salt, known locally as ‘brown salt’ was made in a very different way, by boiling.
There are still traces of the salt-making in the valley today, if you know where to look. This talk will explain how the industry flourished, then faded. When we open our refrigerator door or put food into our freezer, we perhaps forget that our ancestors would have been using salt for the same purpose, to stop their fish and meat from going bad. Rents were sometimes paid in salt, it was such a valuable commodity. The farmers of the Adur valley would have known all about it.
So, don’t take all this with a pinch of salt, discover it for yourself!
Lancing College, Sussex and its Local History
LANCING COLLEGE, WEST SUSSEX AND ITS LOCAL HISTORY
This is the story of an extraordinary man, the Revd Nathaniel Woodard (1811-1891) who founded not only the school that became Lancing College, but Hurstpierpoint and Ardingly Colleges in Sussex. He founded eleven schools in his lifetime, and the Woodard Corporation
today has 50 schools under its umbrella. A warm-hearted family man, Woodard’s Sussex connections began in 1847 when he was appointed curate to St Mary de Haura in the port of New Shoreham. He lived in Brighton for some time, then in 1862 moved to Henfield where he died, aged 80, nearly 30 years later. For 40 years he kept up an enormous correspondence, much of it connected with fund-raising for his schools – but his sons wrote to him about personal matters, his wife worried about his lack of shirts, and from 1868 he had the enormous burden of organising the building of Lancing College Chapel
with little money but sustained by his Christian faith.
I was the archivist at Lancing College for nearly 20 years. This talk uses material from the College Archives to go behind the scenes of the history of this well-known independent school with its landmark chapel on the South Downs.
Sussex Inn Signs and their History
SUSSEX INN SIGNS AND THEIR HISTORY
The research for my doctoral thesis, The Inns and Taverns of Western Sussex, 1550-1700: A Regional Study of Their Architectural and Social History, (2003), took me to pubs all over Sussex and in many other counties. If you think you know your White Horse from your Red Lion, or your Kings Head from your Royal Oak, come along and learn something new.
Inn signs were, and still are, much more than external advertising for food, drink and possibly accommodation nowadays. The signs and their brackets reveal patronage, land ownership, social status, local personalities and events, opening a window on to the past. Sussex inn signs are a colourful addition to our urban and rural surroundings and they are still full of meaning in the twenty-first century.
English Inn Signs: Their Local and Regional Significance
Inn signs are an important part of our cultural history, and many are,
fortunately, still with us. We often use them to find our way around and any stranger asking the way in town or country will be told to turn left at the White Horse, or go straight on at the Red Lion.
This talk looks at many rural and urban inn signs across England, and explains much of their local and regional significance.
The Art of The Inn Sign
We rather take inn signs for granted. They are part of our urban street scene and we can direct strangers by using their names. They are often a welcome flash of colour amongst the rural landscape at the end of a country walk. Do we ever wonder who painted them and why? Did a local blacksmith fashion the wrought iron support and the local carpenter/joiner make the bracket and post?
However, inn signs were, and still are, much more than external advertising for food, drink and often accommodation. The signs, and their wrought iron brackets, reveal patronage, land ownership, social status and much more, opening a window to the past. Inn signs, pub signs, call them what you will, are a colourful addition to our urban and rural surroundings and are still full of meaning in the 21st century.
This talk will include artists such as William Hogarth, Myles Birket Foster and Ralph Ellis. It will open your eyes to the art of the inn sign.
Cakes & Ale: ‘A Full English' in your 17th Century Local?
CAKES and ALE: a ‘full English’ in your 17thC local?
Are we still enjoying what our ancestors ate in the morning in inns and alehouses? What were they having in 1600?
This talk will cover much of Sussex, as well as surrounding counties. The differences between the types of drinking establishments from 1550 to 1750 will be explained and illustrated, while documentary and other sources will provide evidence for the food and drink retailed and consumed within them, showing how these provisions were supplied. We will hear the reactions from travellers (not always good!) and local customers to what was on offer, together with the lifestyles of the innkeepers, both male and female.
Travel in the Past: The Problems and Pleasures of the Journey
TRAVEL IN THE PAST
The Problems and Pleasures of the Journey
Travel in the past was not easy, and Sussex was notorious for its bad roads, particularly in the clay regions of the Weald.
It was not until the mid-eighteenth century, when Turnpike Acts improved the county’s roads, that journeys became less of a problem. This talk, taking in regions around London and further afield, looks at horses, coaches and plenty of Sussex mud. It will make you glad that you have a car, or can catch a bus or a train. Even walking could be better than coach travel in the 17th century.
Sidesaddle Travels in England with Celia Fiennes (1690s)
Celia Fiennes was an independent-minded lady, probably born at Newton Toney Manor, Wiltshire, in 1662. She travelled around England on horseback, seated on a sidesaddle, – including a couple of trips into Sussex – between c.1685-1712, from her early twenties to the age of about fifty. She was very keen on visiting the English spa towns (she liked Tunbridge Wells) though some of the waters were very much not to her taste, nor did her horse enjoy the smells! She noted the industries of each area and the meals she ate, enjoying her beer and wine. She stayed with relatives and friends, often at inns, and sometimes with complete strangers. She usually took a servant or two with her, and always had her own sheets. This is a very different travelogue, seen from the female perspective, at a time when coaching was uncomfortable and sometimes dangerous.
Was she the ‘…fine [?Fiennes] lady upon a white horse’ of Banbury Cross? Or not?
On Your Feet: Boots and Shoes in History
ON YOUR FEET: Boots & Shoes in History
This talk was inspired by the wonderful shoe exhibition at the Victoria and Albert Museum in London, 13 June 2015 – 31 January 2016.
Have you ever looked at the shoes that Henry VIII was wearing for his Holbein portrait? And did you wear stilettos in the sixties, like me? Would you gentlemen have stuffed the toes of your very pointed leather shoes with moss in the 14th century?
This talk will reveal all, especially your coloured stockings and naughty ankles.
An Archaeological Childhood in Sussex
Janet grew up in the post-World War II years looking at the ground – daughter of Sussex archaeologists Eric and Hilda Holden. Most of her early memories are of Sussex history, field-walking with her parents and observing, later taking part in, archaeological excavations all over Sussex. A vivid early memory is going into a Neolithic flint mine on Church Hill, Findon, with her father and crawling into a gallery, clutching a red deer antler pick and a shoulder blade shovel, pretending to be a flint miner.
Revising for her Latin ‘O’Level in the 1950s in the windy Adur valley while her parents conducted a rescue dig on a farm site meant that one of the resulting skeletons
(c. AD 1000) had to be stepped over carefully for a while, in their home in Hove, in order to reach the piano for her daily practice. Jigsaws were done with medieval pottery pieces, in trays of sand, and there were always pieces missing.
This talk takes us back to a more peaceful time with little traffic, no health and safety, and when every outing seemed to be tinged with excitement and mystery.
Shops and Shopping: The Small Shop Through the Ages
We take shopping for granted nowadays, using our local shops (if we still have them) and going to the supermarket. We can even order on-line and have a home delivery at our convenience. How different was it for our ancestors – would we recognise a medieval shopfront in our own High Street and how many have survived? And what about shop signs and shop names – how have they changed? Do you have shopkeeping ancestors? Who really said that the English are a ’nation of shopkeepers’?
Hear the answers to many of these questions, and add your own comments and memories. Do share any family ‘shops and shopping’ photographs or memorabilia.
Witches, Warlocks & Wellingtons: The Ritual Protection of the Home
WITCHES, WARLOCKS AND WELLINGTONS
The Ritual Protection of the Home
We all know about lucky horseshoes (but why are they lucky?) and many people have a special stone, often with a hole through it, that they feel is a useful item to keep on the kitchen window-sill. Do you have a shoe up your chimney or a symbol at the door?
Our ancestors used many of these and other objects to protect themselves and their animals from harm, or to bring good luck to their homes and families. Witches were to be feared in earlier times and anyone, male or female, convicted of witchcraft in England would have been hanged (not burnt at the stake – this is a common misconception).
This talk examines some of the ways people in the past protected themselves and their homes from evil. Protective items will also be on display and can be handled. There will hopefully be no witches or warlocks present, but a wellington may appear.
Do bring your own special object to the talk, if you feel you can leave your home unprotected for a few hours…
Illustrated Talks Available for 2024-2025
I have a digital projector, laptop, remote control/laser pointer and long extension lead, (PAT tested), also a portable screen if required.
I often lead walks around the old market town of Steyning in West Sussex, revealing much of its history, scandalous or otherwise. I usually do these in spring and summer, and advertise them in the local papers and Your Steyning, Bramber & Beeding Magazine, as well as on this website. Otherwise I am happy to organise a walk with a society or group individually – so do contact me for details.
I am sometimes able to arrange a tour of Wiston House, the beautiful manor house nestling under the South Downs, built by Sir Thomas Sherley in the 1570s after he was knighted by Queen Elizabeth I.
You will hear about the history of the house and how Sir Thomas made his money. As a Member of Parliament and a Justice of the Peace, he did not, sadly, apply the laws of the land to himself. There are modern echoes in his story, which is set against the Dutch rebellion against the Spanish.
A compulsory cream tea is part of this afternoon, which will not be forgotten in a hurry – neither the tea nor Sir Thomas! A visit to St Mary’s Church is also part of the tour, and the views from the gardens and terrace to the south of the House are wonderful.
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I was born in the county of Sussex. I am an independent researcher with a degree in the architectural and social history of early-modern Sussex inns and taverns (Thesis). I was the archivist at Lancing College, and also taught local history and palaeography for the Centre for Continuing Education at the University of Sussex. (Read more)
Contact Janet Pennington – I am happy to do talks at short notice.
Useful Links
Brighton & Hove Archaeological Society
brightonarch.org.uk
Regional Furniture Society
regionalfurnituresociety.org
Steyning Museum
steyningmuseum.org.uk
Sussex Archaeological Society
sussexpast.co.uk
Sussex Family History Group
sfhg.uk
Sussex Record Society
sussexrecordsociety.org
Sussex School of Archaeology & history
sussexarchaeology.org
The Keep – East Sussex Record Office
thekeep.info
Wealden Buildings Study Group
wealdenbuildings.org.uk
West Sussex Archives Society
wsas.co.uk
West Sussex Record Office
westsussex.gov.uk
Wiston House – Wilton Park
wiltonpark.org.uk
Testimonials
Sussex Family History Group, Worthing – 19 January 2023
The Wiston Estate: a thousand years of history
Thank you so much for your talk last night Janet. It was both interesting
and entertaining and just what was required for a cold winter’s evening. I
know from the reaction of the group how much they all enjoyed it.
Richard Howell – Speakers’ Organiser
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West Chiltington Horticultural Society 9 November 2022
Chanctonbury Ring: The Story of a Sussex Landmark
Just a quick note to say thank you for the talk you gave last night.
It was so informative and interesting, I have had very positive
feedback from members and the evening was enjoyed by all.